Damar

Origin and Source of Damar Resin

• Damar resin, also known as dammar resin, is derived from the damar fir tree, primarily found in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. It is produced by tapping and bleeding these coniferous trees, and the resin oozes out, setting as it runs down the trunk before being collected.

Historical Use

• Damar resin has been used as an artist's medium and varnish since the 1800s. It is valued for its relatively slow yellowing characteristics and its versatility in various artistic applications.

Preparation and Use

Dissolving the Resin

• To use damar resin, it must be dissolved in a solvent. Common solvents include turpentine or low-odour solvents. The resin is typically wrapped in a cloth or muslin to filter out impurities and then suspended in the solvent. To expedite the dissolution process, some artists recommend breaking down the resin into smaller pieces or powderizing it before adding it to the solvent.

Recipes and Applications

Retouch Varnish

• Mix 1 part damar crystals with 10 parts low-odour solvent. This varnish is used to restore vibrancy in areas that have "sunk in" and can also serve as a temporary varnish for paintings that are dry to the touch but not completely cured.

Matt Varnish

• Combine 1 part damar crystals with 3 parts low-odour solvent and 1 part beeswax. This mixture produces a less shiny varnish.

Glazing Medium

• Mix 1 part damar varnish with 2 parts low-odour solvent and 1 part stand oil. This medium is used for creating transparent washes over already-dry passages of painting to achieve greater depth of color.

Impasto Medium

• Combine 1 part damar varnish with 1 part stand oil and 3 egg yolks. This mixture thickens oil paint for impasto techniques.

Tips and Tricks

Filtering

• It is crucial to filter the damar resin solution to remove impurities such as bits of bark, twigs, and other debris. Using a muslin cloth or even an old face mask filter can be effective.

Quality of Solvent

• Use high-quality solvents, such as gum turpentine, which is derived from trees and has a natural pine smell. Avoid solvents that smell strongly of chemicals.

Safety and Handling

• Working with damar resin and solvents can be messy and sticky. Wearing gloves and working in a well-ventilated area is recommended.

Benefits in Art

Protection and Enhancement

• Damar varnish not only protects the paint but also enhances its appearance by smoothing the surface, allowing light to bounce back and maintaining the full spectrum of color saturation.

Versatility

• Damar resin can be adapted into various mediums and varnishes, making it a versatile tool for artists working with oil paints.

By understanding these aspects, you can effectively manage and execute a project involving the creation and use of Damar varnish for artistic purposes.