ZMEINYI ISLAND

• Latitude: 45.2568
• Longitude: 30.2042
• Black Sea
• Marina in Ukraine

Location: Ukraine

Zmiinyi Island, often referred to as Snake Island or Serpent Island, is a strategically significant and historically rich piece of land situated in the Black Sea, part of Ukraine. Below are the key specifications and descriptive attributes of the island:

Location and Geography:

• Coordinates: Approximately 45°15′N 30°12′E.
• Proximity: Roughly 35 kilometers off the coast of the mainland, near the Danube Delta.
• Size: The island spans about 0.17 square kilometers (17 hectares) and has a perimeter of approximately 2 kilometers.
• Topography: Mostly rocky terrain with some low vegetation. The island is nearly flat, with an elevation peaking at around 41 meters above sea level.

Strategic Importance:

• Military Significance: Due to its strategic location in the Black Sea, Zmiinyi Island holds substantial military significance. It serves as a crucial point for monitoring naval movements and enforcing territorial waters.
• Economic Importance: The surrounding waters of Zmiinyi Island are believed to be rich in hydrocarbons, notably oil and natural gas, which contributes to its economic value for Ukraine.

Infrastructure:

• Lighthouse: There is a historical lighthouse on the island which has been operational since the 19th century. It ensures safe navigation in the Black Sea.
• Buildings: The island hosts several buildings used by military personnel and researchers, including barracks, administrative buildings, and logistical facilities.
• Helipad: A helipad facilitates quick transportation to and from the island.

Historical and Political Context:

• Historical Background: Zmiinyi Island's recorded history dates back to ancient times, during which it was known as Leuke. It has been under various administrative controls over the centuries, including the Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Romania.
• Modern Era: In recent history, the island has been a point of contention between Romania and Ukraine, particularly due to its economic resources. The International Court of Justice partly resolved this dispute in 2009 by demarcating the maritime boundary around the island.

Biodiversity:

• Flora and Fauna: Despite its small size and rocky composition, Zmiinyi Island supports various species of plants and animals, including migratory birds and marine life. Efforts have been made to conserve its unique ecosystem.

Notable Events:

• Russo-Ukrainian Conflict: Zmiinyi Island gained international attention during the 2022 conflict between Russia and Ukraine when Ukrainian defenders refused to surrender to the Russian navy, symbolizing Ukrainian resistance.

Access and Tourism:

• Tourism: Due to its military importance and remote location, Zmiinyi Island is not a major tourist destination, although it has historical and ecological interest. Access typically requires special permission from Ukrainian authorities.

Cultural Significance:

• Mythology and Legends: The island features in various myths and legends, notably in Greek mythology, where it was often associated with Achilles.

In conclusion, Zmiinyi Island, despite its modest size, plays a crucial role in the geopolitical landscape of the Black Sea region, underscored by its strategic military and economic significance.